What Is “Masking,” and Is It Harmful?

Understanding Masking

In everyday conversation, the word masking refers to the act of covering up one’s true feelings or behaviors. For many neurodivergent individuals—particularly those with autism or ADHD—masking becomes a survival strategy, a way to blend into environments that often feel hostile or incomprehensible.

Why People Mask

Neurotypical social norms can be overwhelming. To avoid ridicule, exclusion, or misunderstanding, autistic and ADHD adults and children often learn to:

• Suppress stimming (repetitive movements or sounds) that help them self‑regulate.
• Adopt scripted speech or mimic facial expressions that feel foreign.
• Hide sensory sensitivities by pretending they are “fine” in bright lights or noisy rooms.

The Hidden Toll

While masking can open doors—such as gaining employment or fitting in at school—it also carries a steep price. Studies link chronic masking to:

• Elevated anxiety and depression due to constant self‑monitoring.
• Exhaustion often described as “autistic burnout.”
• A sense of identity loss, where the person feels disconnected from their authentic self.

What the Research Says

Recent neuropsychological research shows that the brain’s executive functions become overtaxed when a person must continuously edit their behavior. This mental overload can impair memory, reduce creativity, and increase the risk of mental‑health disorders.

Supporting Authenticity

Creating environments where neurodivergent individuals feel safe to be themselves can reduce the need for masking. Strategies include:

• Providing sensory‑friendly spaces in schools and workplaces.
• Encouraging open conversations about neurodiversity and normalizing differences.
• Offering mental‑health resources that specifically address the pressures of masking.

Conclusion

Masking is not merely a harmless habit; it is a complex coping mechanism that can protect against immediate social threats but often harms long‑term well‑being. Recognizing its impact and fostering inclusive cultures are essential steps toward allowing everyone to thrive without the constant need to hide who they truly are.